Introductions of non-native crayfish species have resulted in the decline of native crayfish populations in many instances around the globe, including North America.  Historically, the range of crayfish Orconectes limosus, extended from Maine, southward into northern Virginia, including eastern portions of the eastern panhandle of West Virginia.  A survey of Opequon Creek in 1989 resulted in the capture of only two species; Cambarus bartonii bartonii and the non-native Orconectes virilis.  In 2005 and 2006, crayfish were collected from streams within the West Virginia portion of O. limosus range, including locations where previously documented captures had occurred.  Methods of capture included hand collection (wading and SCUBA assisted), seining, and trapping.  To date, only a single female O. limosus has been captured out of a total of 446 crayfish that have been collected.  The non-native O. virilis was present at 26 of the 30 sites sampled.  The nearly wholesale exclusion of O. limosus for this portion of its range, presumably by the non-native crayfish O. virilis,  does not bode well for the conservation of the species and can be used as a model to show the potentially devastating impact of the introduction of non-native species.