Although the burrowing behavior of some freshwater mussel species has been documented, most of these studies have investigated seasonal migrations as related to reproductive cycles. Few studies have focused on the day-to-day movement patterns of freshwater mussels. During the summer of 2005, we documented the burrowing behavior of four common freshwater mussel species, Actinonaias ligamentina, Amblema plicata, Fusconaia flava, and Obliquaria reflexa, recording horizontal and vertical movements of 80 individuals of each species placed in stream mesocosms. We found that our four freshwater mussel species varied in their horizontal and vertical movement patterns. A. ligamentina was the most active burrower, while F. flava was the least active burrower. For vertical burrowing position, F. flava was generally the deepest burrowed, while the other three species were more exposed to the water column. Because mussel burrowing can influence sediment stability and energy and nutrient transport, our results indicate that different mussel species may have different effects on ecosystem services through their behavior.