Degradation of urban waterways resulting from watershed land use has made urban stream restoration an important tool for improving water quality, reestablishing structural and functional attributes, and restoring biotic communities.  As successful restoration requires mitigating the causes of stream degradation, understanding the scale at which these insults occur and the link between stream ecosystem function and community structure is crucial.  We sampled macroinvertebrate communities in four urbanized streams, four urban restored streams, and four forested reference streams to 1) quantify the roles of physical, biogeochemical, and biological variables in macroinvertebrate community recovery, 2) determine the relationship between macroinvertebrate community structure and stream ecosystem function, and 3) elucidate differences in community structure among stream type at both the reach and habitat scales.  Preliminary results indicate reach-scale differences in macroinvertebrate community structure among urbanized, urban restored and reference sites.  Community structure also differs among habitat types. This work affords an opportunity to assess the efficacy of reach-scale urban stream restoration in mitigating watershed-scale degradation and to elucidate attributes of successful stream restoration.  Furthermore, by identifying the factors most important for macroinvertebrate community structure in urbanized and minimally impacted systems, we can identify target variables for urban stream restoration.