Fish and benthic macroinvertebrates were sampled at 45 stream sites with existing or historical placer gold mining activity in the Dawson City region of the Yukon River basin in Yukon Territory, Canada during July, 2006. Water quality, stream dimensions and flow, substrate characteristics, and riparian vegetation were also measured at each site. The catchments of sampled streams were delineated and stream density, land cover and geomorphology within the catchments were calculated using Geographic Information System analysis. Placer gold mining activity records were examined and, together with observations at the time of sampling, a gradient of mining activity across the sampled sites was established. The responses of fish and benthic macroinvertebrate communities across this gradient were then determined and evaluated to generate landscape-scale dose-response models.