Mayflies (Ephemeroptera) are the major group of aquatic insect faunas in stream ecosystems. Although members of mayflies are relatively well known in the Holarctic Region, they are still less explored from tropical Asia. Earlier mayfly taxonomists such as Eaton (1883-1888), Navas (1930), Hsu (1936-1937, 1937-1938), and Ulmer (1939) largely contributed to the taxonomy of mayflies from the Oriental Region. In the present paper, we provide an up-to-date checklist of tropical Asian Ephemeroptera with distributional data and taxonomic discussions based on comprehensive bibliographic and material sources that have been established by the authors for last a decade.