In 2006, a previously undescribed mayfly species, in the Genus Eurylophella, was discovered in the Lumber River Basin of North Carolina.  This mayfly is now known to inhabit swamp streams (i.e. black water streams) in the Southeastern Plains and the Middle Atlantic Coastal Plain of the Carolinas.  This wide-ranging species had escaped previous detection due to both its early emergence chronology and the type of habitat in which it resides.  Adults emerge in early to mid-March. Later instar larvae inhabit swamp streams during the late fall and winter seasons, a time, historically, of decreased biological sampling.  Beginning in the early 1990’s the North Carolina Division of Water Quality’s Biological Assessment Unit began developing a sampling program for black-water swamp streams in the Coastal Plain of North Carolina.  By 1992, swamp sampling was a regular part of the annual basinwide assessment program.  In 1994, an updated taxonomic key for Eurylophella allowed the identification of larvae to species. This presentation will discuss the known geographic range, habitat characteristics, emergence chronology, and unique life history traits of this soon to be published species.